Makullin bincike da samar da roba na silicone a kasar Sin - dimethyldiethoxysilane

Basic zafi vulcanized silicone roba

Kasar Sin ta fara gudanar da bincike da kera danyen roba na zafi mai vulcanized (wanda aka fi sani da zafi warkewa) roba na silicone a ƙarshen 1950s.Ba a makara a duniya lokacin da kasar Sin ta fara binciken roba na silicone.Saboda aikin ci gaba yana buƙatar babban adadin hydrolysates mai tsabta na dimethyldichlorosilane (wanda aka samo octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, ko DMC); a baya, saboda rashin yawan adadin methylchlorosilane, yana da wuya a sami adadi mai yawa. na pure dimethyldichlorosilane, kuma babu isa don gwaji samar da asali albarkatun kasa na raw silicone roba octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Har ila yau, akwai bukatar dace catalysts a zobe bude polymerization, wanda su ne manyan matsaloli a farkon mataki na ci gaba. samar da masana'antu na methylchlorosilane yana da matukar wahala, don haka ma'aikatan fasaha na sassan da suka dace a kasar Sin sun biya aiki mai yawa kuma sun shafe lokaci mai tsawo.

Yang Dahai, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute, da dai sauransu sun gabatar da samfurin robar siliki da aka shirya daga dimethyldichlorosilane da aka kera da kansa zuwa bikin cika shekaru 10 na ranar kasa.Lin Yi da Jiang Yingyan, masu bincike na kwalejin ilmin sinadarai, Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, sun kuma gudanar da aikin samar da robar methyl silicone da wuri.A cikin 1960s, ƙarin raka'a sun haɓaka robar silicone.

Sai kawai bayan nasarar haɗin kai tsaye na methylchlorosilane a cikin gadon da aka zuga, za'a iya samun albarkatun ƙasa don haɗakar daɗaɗɗen roba na silicone.Saboda buƙatar roba na silicone yana da gaggawa sosai, don haka akwai raka'a a Shanghai da Arewacin China don fara haɓaka roba na silicone.Alal misali, Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Shanghai da ke birnin Shanghai na nazarin yadda ake hada methyl chlorosilane monomer da bincike da gwajin roba na silicone;Shanghai Xincheng sinadaran shuka da Shanghai guduro shuka yi la'akari da kira na silicone roba daga hangen zaman gaba samar.

A arewacin kasar, cibiyar bincike ta kamfanin Jihua, cibiyar masana'antar sinadarai a kasar Sin, ya fi tsunduma cikin bincike da bunkasar roba.Daga baya, cibiyar binciken ta kara yawan bincike da haɓakar robar silicone wanda Zhu BAOYING ke jagoranta.Har ila yau, akwai cibiyoyin ƙira da masana'antar samarwa a cikin kamfanin Jihua, waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan yanayin haɗin gwiwa na tsayawa ɗaya don haɓaka cikakken tsarin tsari daga methyl chlorosilane monomer zuwa robar silicone na roba.

A shekara ta 1958, an koma sashin organosilicon na Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Shenyang zuwa sabuwar Cibiyar Nazarin Sinadarai ta Beijing.A farkon shekarun 1960, Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Shenyang ta kafa ofishin bincike na organosilicon karkashin jagorancin Zhang Erci da Ye Qingxuan don haɓaka organosilicon monomer da silicone roba.Bisa ga ra'ayin ofishin na biyu na ma'aikatar masana'antun sinadarai, Shenyang Chemical Research Institute ya shiga cikin haɓakar roba na silicone a Cibiyar Bincike na Kamfanin sinadarai na Jilin.Domin kira na silicone roba kuma yana bukatar vinyl zobe, don haka Shenyang Chemical Research Institute for kira na methylhydrodichlorosilane da sauran goyon bayan organosilicon monomers.

Kashi na farko na samar da roba na silicone a Shanghai shine "dabarun kewayawa"

A cikin 1960, kamfanin filastik na Ofishin Masana'antu na Shanghai ya ba kamfanin Xincheng aikin sinadari don haɓaka robar silicon cikin gaggawa da masana'antar soja ke buƙata.Saboda shukar tana da chloromethane, samfurin maganin kashe qwari ta hanyar organosilicon albarkatun ƙasa, yana da yanayin haɗa methyl chlorosilane, ɗanyen siliki na roba.Kamfanin sarrafa sinadarai na Xincheng karamar masana'antar hadin gwiwa ce ta jama'a da masu zaman kansu, tare da kwararrun injiniyoyi biyu kawai, Zheng Shanzhong da Xu Mingshan.Sun gano mahimman batutuwan fasaha guda biyu a cikin aikin bincike na roba na silicone, ɗayan shine tsarkakewar dimethyldichlorosilane, ɗayan shine nazarin tsarin polymerization da zaɓin mai haɓakawa.A wancan lokacin, an hana organosilicon monomers da masu tsaka-tsaki a cikin China.A wancan lokacin, abun ciki na dimethyldichlorosilane a cikin kira na methylchlorosilane monomer a cikin gida zuga gado ya yi ƙasa, da kuma ingantaccen distillation fasahar ba a aiwatar tukuna, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a sami babban adadin high-tsarki dimethyldichlorosilane monomer a matsayin raw. abu na silicone roba.Saboda haka, za su iya amfani da dimethyldichlorosilane kawai tare da ƙananan tsabta wanda za'a iya samuwa a lokacin don shirya abubuwan ethoxyl ta hanyar alcoholysis.A nisa tsakanin tafasar batu na methyltriethoxysilane (151 ° C) da kuma tafasar batu na dimethyldiethoxysilane (111 ° C) bayan alcoholization ne in mun gwada da girma, da kuma tafasar batu bambanci ne kamar yadda 40 ° C, wanda yake da sauki a rabu, don haka. Dimethyldiethoxysilane tare da babban tsarki za a iya samu.Sa'an nan, dimethyldiethoxysilane aka hydrolyzed zuwa octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (methyld4).Bayan raguwa, an samar da babban tsabta D4, wanda ya warware matsalar albarkatun albarkatun siliki.Suna kiran hanyar samun D4 ta hanyar kai tsaye ta hanyar barasa "dabarun da'ira".

A farkon mataki na bincike da haɓaka na'urar siliki a kasar Sin, an sami rashin fahimtar tsarin hada robar siliki a kasashen yammacin duniya.Wasu raka'a sun gwada in mun gwada da primitive zobe bude catalysts kamar sulfuric acid, ferric chloride, aluminum sulfate, da dai sauransu Sa'an nan, saura mai kara kuzari kunshe a cikin daruruwan dubban kwayoyin nauyi raw silica gel an wanke da distilled ruwa a kan biyu nadi, don haka shi tsari ne wanda ba a so sosai don amfani da wannan madaidaicin madauki.

Zheng Shanzhong da Xu Mingshan, masu ba da gudummawa na wucin gadi guda biyu waɗanda suka fahimci kaddarorin na musamman, suna tunanin cewa yana da ma'ana da yanayin ci gaba.Ba zai iya inganta ingancin siliki na roba ba kawai, amma kuma yana sauƙaƙa aikin sarrafa kayan aiki sosai.A wancan lokacin, har yanzu ba a yi amfani da kasashen waje wajen samar da masana'antu ba.Sun yanke shawarar hada tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide da tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide da kansu, kuma sun kwatanta su.Sun yi tunanin cewa tsohon ya fi gamsuwa, don haka an tabbatar da tsarin polymerization.Sa'an nan, an samar da ɗaruruwan kilogiram na robar siliki mai haske da haske ta hanyar na'urorin matukin jirgi da aka kera da kansu.A cikin watan Yuni na shekarar 1961, Yang Guangqi, darektan ofishin na biyu na ma'aikatar masana'antar sinadarai, ya zo masana'antar don dubawa kuma ya yi farin ciki sosai da ganin samfuran roba na silicone.Ko da yake farashin robar da aka samar ta wannan hanya yana da yawa, robar siliki da ake iya samarwa da yawa yana rage buƙatar gaggawa a lokacin.

Kamfanin resin resin na Shanghai, wanda ofishin masana'antar sinadarai na Shanghai ya jagoranta, ya fara kafa wani gado mai motsa jiki mai tsayi 400mm a kasar Sin don samar da methyl chlorosilane monomers.Kamfanin ne wanda zai iya samar da methyl chlorosilane monomers a batches a lokacin.Bayan haka, domin a hanzarta ci gaban silicone masana'antu a Shanghai da kuma daidaita ƙarfin silicone, Shanghai Chemical Bureau merged Xincheng sinadaran shuka da Shanghai guduro shuka, da kuma ci gaba da gudanar da wani gudanar da wani gwajin na ci gaba da kira na'urar na'urar high zafin jiki vulcanized silicone. roba.

Ofishin Masana'antar Sinadarai ta Shanghai ya kafa wani taron bita na musamman don samar da mai da roba na silicone a masana'antar guduro ta Shanghai.Kamfanin resin resin na Shanghai ya samu nasarar yin gwajinsa na samar da babban injin watsa famfo mai, da zafin jiki mai kashi biyu, da siliki mai dauke da sinadarin phenyl methyl da dai sauransu, wadanda kasashen waje suka haramta.Shanghai guduro factory ya zama wani m factory da za su iya samar da yawa iri silicone kayayyakin a kasar Sin.Ko da yake a cikin 1992, saboda daidaita tsarin masana'antu a Shanghai, masana'antar resin ta Shanghai ta daina samar da methyl chlorosilane da sauran monomers, maimakon haka ta sayi monomers da tsaka-tsaki don samar da samfuran ƙasa.Koyaya, masana'antar guduro ta Shanghai tana da gudummawar da ba za a iya sharewa ba ga haɓakar organosilicon monomers da kayan polymer organosilicon a cikin Sin.